Hazardous waste is ubiquitous in the global environment and has been for a long time. As early as 1918, the United States and Canada formed an International Joint Commission to address the serious pollution of the waters of the Great Lakes, the border between the two countries.

Hazardous wastes can not only harm the natural environment, damage ecosystems, endanger the survival of organisms and even, can seriously affect human health. Hazardous wastes hazards to human health have been documented from a wide range of peer-reviewed literature in the fields of exposure, toxicology, epidemiology, public health practice, and regulatory framework implementation around the world.

Hazardous wastes are generally flammable, reactive, corrosive or toxic. In China’s National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes 2021 Edition, there are 467 subcategories of hazardous wastes in 46 types, e.g., common medical waste, paint sludge, oily sludge, tar sludge, waste alkalis, cyanide waste and heavy metal waste, etc., all which fall under the category of hazardous wastes.

There are many kinds of hazardous wastes and common problems – Difficulty in storage, transportation and disposal. Due to the combustible, toxic and corrosive characteristics of hazardous wastes, the management requirements for their storage and transportation are very strict. There are clear regulations on everything from its storage facilities and delivery vehicles to the managers. For instance, handling precautions include the wearing of gloves, masks and overalls by workers and the registration of handling equipment to control its future use.

The management of hazardous waste is still faced with problems, such as the mismatch between the structure of disposal capacity and demand, the imbalance between the supply and demand of the capacity space of disposal facilities, the limited technology and operation management level of some disposal facilities, and the insufficient support capacity of hazardous wastes in some key areas. The “regional” characteristics of hazardous wastes are often different due to policies. For example, hazardous industrial waste generated in area A cannot be transported to Area B for disposal, but can be transported to area C for disposal. Some areas require local disposal, that is, waste production enterprises need to introduce disposal equipment to dispose of their own hazardous wastes produced in the production process.

In most cases, hazardous waste is treated as part of solid waste and is distinguished from municipal waste and non-hazardous industrial waste. For example, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in the United States has a separate subtitle for solid waste. Subheading C represents hazardous solid waste and subheading D represents non-hazardous solid waste.

Because of the complexity and multifaceted nature of hazardous wastes, its disposal has always been a difficult problem in the world. In particular, hazardous wastes with complex composition may need to go through multiple disposal processes to achieve harmlessness.

 This does not mean that the “hazardous wastes” is necessarily solid, but can be in any physical state, i.e. solid, liquid, gas or mixture.

Hazardous wastes disposal technology and equipment from China

– Industrial continuous organic hazardous wastes pyrolysis production line

For organic hazardous waste, Niutech has set an example for the world. Its production line of independent research and development is for the industrial continuity organic hazardous wastes of oily sludge, waste mineral oil, coal coke oil slag, paint bucket/paint slag, industrial waste salt, waste resin, fine (steamed) distillation residue, ink residue, antibiotic bacteria slag, medical waste and other industrial hazardous wastes to achieve harmless, reduction treatment and resource utilization. 

The pyrolysis production line is designed to decompose the organic matter in the hazardous wastes by pyrolysis, turning it into small molecules and separating it from the raw material. The separated solid product can be resourcefully used or further processed. Niutech’s hazardous wastes pyrolysis technology and solutions have been successfully applied in Germany, Denmark, Brazil, Hungary, Turkey, Estonia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Iraq and many other countries. While realizing the reduction, harmless and resource disposal of hazardous wastes, it has also created good economic, environmental and social benefits, and has been highly recognized by customers.

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